自动式抛丸机是通过机械方式将弹丸高速投射到工件表面，实现清理、强化或预处理的设备，其核心原理是利用高速运动的弹丸（速度 50-80m/s）与工件表面的冲击摩擦，去除氧化皮、锈迹、油污等杂质，同时改变表面粗糙度（形成 0.5-50μm 的凹凸纹理），广泛应用于机械制造、汽车零部件、钢结构等领域，是表面处理环节的高效自动化装备。

　　Automatic shot blasting machine is a device that uses mechanical means to project projectiles at high speed onto the surface of a workpiece, achieving cleaning, strengthening or pre-treatment. Its core principle is to use the impact friction between the high-speed moving projectile (speed 50-80m/s) and the workpiece surface to remove impurities such as oxide scale, rust, oil stains, etc., while changing the surface roughness (forming a 0.5-50 μ m concave convex texture). It is widely used in mechanical manufacturing, automotive parts, steel structures and other fields, and is an efficient automation equipment in the surface treatment process.

　　工作原理的核心是 “动能传递 - 表面作用 - 物料分离” 的连续过程。设备启动后，弹丸由储丸箱进入抛丸器（核心部件），通过叶轮的高速旋转（转速 1500-3000r/min）获得动能，经定向套引导形成扇形射流，均匀覆盖工件表面。弹丸冲击工件时，一方面通过冲击力剥离表面附着物（如铸件的型砂、锻件的氧化皮），另一方面通过反复塑性变形使工件表层产生残余压应力（深度 0.1-1mm），提升材料疲劳强度（提升 20%-30%）。处理后的弹丸与杂质混合物落入底部输送装置，经筛分系统分离 —— 合格弹丸（粒径偏差≤5%）返回储丸箱循环使用，杂质（如锈渣、粉尘）则进入废料收集箱，实现弹丸回收率≥95%，减少物料消耗。

　　The core of the working principle is the continuous process of "kinetic energy transfer surface interaction material separation". After the equipment is started, the pellets enter the shot blasting machine (core component) from the storage box, and obtain kinetic energy through the high-speed rotation of the impeller (speed 1500-3000r/min). They are guided by the directional sleeve to form a fan-shaped jet, which uniformly covers the surface of the workpiece. When a projectile impacts a workpiece, on the one hand, it peels off surface attachments (such as casting sand and forging oxide skin) through impact force, and on the other hand, it generates residual compressive stress on the surface of the workpiece through repeated plastic deformation (depth 0.1-1mm), improving material fatigue strength (by 20% -30%). The processed pellets and impurity mixture fall into the bottom conveying device and are separated by the screening system. Qualified pellets (with a particle size deviation of ≤ 5%) are returned to the pellet storage box for recycling, while impurities (such as rust and dust) enter the waste collection box, achieving a pellet recovery rate of ≥ 95% and reducing material consumption.

　　自动控制系统实现全流程无人化操作，确保处理一致性。通过可编程控制器预设处理参数（如抛丸时间 10-180 秒、工件移动速度 0.5-5m/min），适应不同材质（钢、铝、铸铁）与尺寸的工件。传感器实时监测弹丸流量、抛丸器电流、工件位置，当检测到弹丸不足时，自动启动补丸装置；工件位置偏移时，输送系统自动纠偏（调整幅度 ±5mm）；处理时间达到设定值后，自动停止抛丸并触发工件出料，整个过程无需人工干预，批次处理的表面粗糙度偏差≤2μm，远低于人工操作的 10μm。

　　The automatic control system realizes unmanned operation throughout the entire process, ensuring consistency in processing. By presetting processing parameters through a programmable controller (such as shot blasting time of 10-180 seconds, workpiece movement speed of 0.5-5 m/min), it can adapt to workpieces of different materials (steel, aluminum, cast iron) and sizes. Sensors monitor the real-time flow rate of pellets, the current of the shot blasting machine, and the position of the workpiece. When insufficient pellets are detected, the shot replenishment device is automatically activated; When the workpiece position deviates, the conveying system automatically corrects the deviation (adjustment amplitude ± 5mm); After the processing time reaches the set value, the shot blasting will automatically stop and trigger the workpiece discharge. The entire process does not require manual intervention, and the surface roughness deviation of batch processing is ≤ 2 μ m, far lower than the 10 μ m manually operated.

　　核心部件的适配设计决定设备性能。抛丸器的叶轮采用高铬铸铁材质（硬度 HRC60-65），耐受弹丸长期冲击，使用寿命可达 800-1500 小时；定向套通过调整角度（0°-30°）控制弹丸投射范围，确保覆盖均匀（覆盖率≥98%）。输送装置根据工件形态选择不同类型：悬挂式适合大型工件（如车架），通过吊钩带动工件在抛丸区旋转（360° 无死角）；辊道式适合平板类工件（如钢板），通过辊子的同步转动实现连续进给；履带式适合小型零件（如螺栓），通过履带翻转使工件全方位受丸。

　　The adaptive design of core components determines equipment performance. The impeller of the shot blasting machine is made of high chromium cast iron material (hardness HRC60-65), which can withstand long-term impact of bullets and has a service life of up to 800-1500 hours; The directional sleeve controls the projectile projection range by adjusting the angle (0 ° -30 °) to ensure uniform coverage (coverage rate ≥ 98%). The conveying device selects different types according to the shape of the workpiece: suspended type is suitable for large workpieces (such as frames), and the workpiece is rotated in the shot blasting area through a hook (360 ° without dead corners); Roller conveyor is suitable for flat workpieces (such as steel plates), and continuous feeding is achieved through synchronous rotation of the rollers; Crawler type is suitable for small parts (such as bolts), which can be rotated by the caterpillar to make the workpiece receive pellets in all directions.

　　适应性强是其显著特点，可应对复杂表面与多样需求。针对高要求的精密部件（如发动机曲轴），采用多工位抛丸（2-4 个抛丸器从不同角度投射），确保油孔、凹槽等隐蔽部位的清理效果；对薄板材（厚度＜3mm），通过降低弹丸速度（≤60m/s）和缩短处理时间，避免变形（变形量≤0.1mm/m）。设备还可集成后续工序，如抛丸后直接进行喷涂前的磷化处理，或与烘干设备联动，形成 “处理 - 防护” 一体化生产线，减少工序转换时间（提升效率 30%-50%）。

　　Strong adaptability is its prominent feature, which can cope with complex surfaces and diverse needs. For high precision components such as engine crankshafts, multi station shot blasting (2-4 shot blasting machines projected from different angles) is used to ensure the cleaning effect of hidden parts such as oil holes and grooves; For thin sheets (thickness<3mm), deformation (deformation amount ≤ 0.1mm/m) can be avoided by reducing the projectile velocity (≤ 60m/s) and shortening the processing time. The equipment can also integrate subsequent processes, such as direct phosphating treatment before spraying after shot blasting, or linkage with drying equipment to form an integrated production line of "treatment protection", reducing process conversion time (improving efficiency by 30% -50%).

　　运行过程的环保设计符合清洁生产要求。设备采用全封闭结构（舱体密封等级 IP65），防止弹丸飞溅与粉尘外泄（粉尘浓度≤5mg/m）；内置的除尘系统（如滤筒除尘器）通过负压收集处理过程中产生的粉尘（收集效率≥99%），净化后的空气直接排放；弹丸添加与废料清理采用密封式设计，避免人工接触造成的职业健康风险。这种设计使设备运行时的噪音控制在 85dB 以下（符合工业场所标准），满足环保与安全规范。

　　The environmentally friendly design of the operation process meets the requirements of clean production. The equipment adopts a fully enclosed structure (cabin sealing level IP65) to prevent projectile splashing and dust leakage (dust concentration ≤ 5mg/m); The built-in dust removal system (such as filter cartridge dust collector) collects and processes the dust generated during the process through negative pressure (collection efficiency ≥ 99%), and the purified air is directly discharged; The projectile addition and waste cleaning adopt a sealed design to avoid occupational health risks caused by manual contact. This design ensures that the noise level during equipment operation is controlled below 85dB (in compliance with industrial standards), meeting environmental and safety regulations.

　　自动式抛丸机通过自动化控制与高效冲击原理，实现了表面处理的质量稳定、成本可控与环境友好，其特点既体现在对复杂工件的适应性上，也反映在与现代生产线的兼容性上。随着智能制造的发展，设备正朝着更精准的参数控制（如根据工件材质自动匹配弹丸类型与速度）、更全面的信息反馈（如处理效果的在线检测）方向升级，为工业产品的表面质量提升提供更可靠的技术支撑。

　　The automatic shot blasting machine achieves stable quality, controllable cost, and environmentally friendly surface treatment through automation control and efficient impact principles. Its characteristics are reflected not only in its adaptability to complex workpieces, but also in its compatibility with modern production lines. With the development of intelligent manufacturing, equipment is upgrading towards more precise parameter control (such as automatically matching projectile types and speeds based on workpiece materials) and more comprehensive information feedback (such as online detection of processing effects), providing more reliable technical support for improving the surface quality of industrial products.

　　本文由自动式抛丸机友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击:http://www.sdcjtz.com我们将会对您提出的疑问进行详细的解答，欢迎您登录网站留言.

　　This article is dedicated to the automatic shot blasting machine and friendship For more information, please click: http://www.sdcjtz.com We will provide detailed answers to your questions. You are welcome to log in to our website and leave a message

上一篇：安装焊烟除尘设备：这些事项要注意
下一篇：自动喷砂房的核心原理及主要用途