焊烟除尘设备是控制焊接作业中有害烟尘扩散的关键设施，其安装质量直接影响除尘效率、运行稳定性及作业安全。安装过程需兼顾烟尘捕捉、设备性能发挥与操作便利性，通过科学规范的施工确保设备长期有效运行。

　　Welding smoke and dust removal equipment is a key facility for controlling the spread of harmful smoke and dust during welding operations. Its installation quality directly affects dust removal efficiency, operational stability, and operational safety. The installation process should take into account smoke and dust capture, equipment performance, and operational convenience, and ensure long-term effective operation of the equipment through scientific and standardized construction.

　　安装位置的选择需以高效捕捉烟尘为核心。设备应靠近焊接作业点，吸气臂或吸气罩的覆盖范围需与焊接工位精准匹配，吸气口与焊点的距离要合理，过远会导致吸力不足，无法有效捕捉烟尘；过近则可能干扰焊接操作，甚至被火花灼伤。对于多个焊接工位的车间，需根据作业布局确定主设备安装位置，主管道应沿车间立柱或墙壁敷设，缩短支管长度，减少管道阻力，避免因管道过长导致末端吸力衰减。室外安装的设备需选择通风良好、地势较高的区域，远离易燃易爆物品，同时加装防雨棚，防止雨水进入设备内部影响滤料性能，冬季寒冷地区还需考虑设备保温，避免管道内水汽凝结堵塞滤料。

　　The selection of installation location should focus on efficient capture of smoke and dust. The equipment should be close to the welding operation point, and the coverage range of the suction arm or suction hood should be accurately matched with the welding station. The distance between the suction port and the welding point should be reasonable. If it is too far away, it will result in insufficient suction and unable to effectively capture smoke and dust; Getting too close may interfere with welding operations and even cause spark burns. For workshops with multiple welding stations, the installation position of the main equipment should be determined based on the job layout. The main pipeline should be laid along the workshop columns or walls to shorten the length of branch pipes, reduce pipeline resistance, and avoid the attenuation of end suction caused by excessively long pipelines. Outdoor equipment should be installed in areas with good ventilation and high terrain, away from flammable and explosive materials. At the same time, rain shelters should be installed to prevent rainwater from entering the equipment and affecting the performance of the filter material. In cold winter areas, equipment insulation should also be considered to avoid water vapor condensation and blockage of the filter material in the pipeline.

　　管道系统的连接质量影响除尘效果与设备寿命。管道材质需根据焊接烟尘特性选择，焊接烟尘温度较高且含有金属颗粒，应采用耐高温、耐磨的管道，避免使用塑料管道因高温变形。管道直径需与设备处理风量匹配，直径过小会导致风速过高，加剧管道磨损和能耗上升；直径过大会使风速不足，烟尘易在管道内沉积堵塞。管道连接应保持密封，法兰连接处需加装耐高温密封垫，避免漏风，漏风率过高时，设备吸力会明显下降，除尘效率降低。管道转弯处应采用缓弯设计，减少局部阻力，同时在弯头底部设置清灰口，方便定期清理沉积的烟尘，防止长期堆积引发管道堵塞或火灾风险。

　　The connection quality of the pipeline system affects the dust removal effect and equipment life. The material of the pipeline should be selected based on the characteristics of welding fumes. Welding fumes have high temperatures and contain metal particles. High temperature resistant and wear-resistant pipelines should be used to avoid deformation of plastic pipelines due to high temperatures. The diameter of the pipeline needs to match the air volume processed by the equipment. A diameter that is too small can lead to high wind speed, exacerbating pipeline wear and increasing energy consumption; If the diameter is too large, the wind speed will be insufficient, and smoke and dust are prone to deposit and block in the pipeline. Pipeline connections should be kept sealed, and high-temperature resistant gaskets should be installed at flange connections to avoid air leakage. When the air leakage rate is too high, the equipment suction will significantly decrease and the dust removal efficiency will be reduced. A gentle bend design should be adopted at the turning point of the pipeline to reduce local resistance. At the same time, a dust cleaning port should be set at the bottom of the bend to facilitate regular cleaning of accumulated smoke and dust, and prevent long-term accumulation from causing pipeline blockage or fire risks.

　　设备固定与基础处理需确保运行稳定。大型焊烟除尘设备需浇筑混凝土基础，基础平整度误差要在允许范围内，避免设备运行时因受力不均产生振动，导致部件松动或管道连接处开裂。基础预埋件需与设备底座牢固连接，螺栓拧紧力矩符合规范，防止设备在风机运行时产生位移。小型移动式除尘设备需放置在平整地面，加装防滑垫，确保移动轮锁定可靠，避免作业时因设备滑动影响吸气口对位。设备与基础之间应加装减震垫，降低风机运行产生的振动噪音，同时减少振动对周边设备和建筑结构的影响。

　　Equipment fixation and basic treatment need to ensure stable operation. Large welding smoke dust removal equipment requires pouring concrete foundations, and the flatness error of the foundation should be within the allowable range to avoid vibration caused by uneven force during equipment operation, which may lead to loose components or cracking at pipeline connections. The foundation embedded parts need to be firmly connected to the equipment base, and the bolt tightening torque should comply with the specifications to prevent displacement of the equipment during fan operation. Small mobile dust removal equipment should be placed on a flat ground and equipped with anti slip pads to ensure reliable locking of the moving wheels and avoid affecting the alignment of the suction port due to equipment sliding during operation. A shock-absorbing pad should be installed between the equipment and the foundation to reduce the vibration noise generated by the operation of the fan, and to minimize the impact of vibration on surrounding equipment and building structures.

　　电气系统安装需符合安全规范。设备电源线应选用符合载流量要求的电缆，穿管敷设并做好防水、防火处理，接线端子牢固连接，避免虚接产生电火花。控制电路需加装过载保护、短路保护装置，当设备出现电机过载、滤料堵塞等故障时，能自动停机并发出警报，防止设备损坏或引发安全事故。焊接作业区与除尘设备的电气系统需保持安全距离，避免焊接电流干扰设备控制电路，必要时加装隔离变压器。设备接地电阻需符合要求，确保金属外壳接地可靠，防止因漏电引发触电事故，尤其在潮湿环境中，接地保护更为重要。

　　The installation of electrical systems must comply with safety regulations. The power cord of the equipment should be selected with cables that meet the current carrying capacity requirements, laid in pipes and treated with waterproofing and fire prevention measures. The wiring terminals should be firmly connected to avoid electrical sparks caused by virtual connections. The control circuit needs to be equipped with overload protection and short-circuit protection devices. When the equipment experiences faults such as motor overload or filter blockage, it can automatically shut down and issue an alarm to prevent equipment damage or safety accidents. The electrical system between the welding operation area and the dust removal equipment should maintain a safe distance to avoid welding current interference with the equipment control circuit. If necessary, isolation transformers should be installed. The grounding resistance of the equipment must meet the requirements to ensure reliable grounding of the metal casing and prevent electric shock accidents caused by leakage. Especially in humid environments, grounding protection is more important.

　　滤料安装与初期调试是保障除尘效率的关键。滤料需根据焊接烟尘类型选择，焊接不锈钢产生的烟尘含有腐蚀性成分，应选用耐酸碱滤料；焊接碳钢产生的烟尘温度较高，需选用耐高温滤料。滤料安装时需确保与滤筒（或滤袋）框架贴合紧密，无褶皱、破损，滤筒两端密封垫完好，防止未过滤的含尘气流直接从缝隙排出。设备安装完成后需进行空载试运行，检查风机转向是否正确、各部件运行是否平稳、有无异常噪音。随后进行负载测试，在焊接作业状态下测量各吸气口的风速和烟尘浓度，调整风机频率或阀门开度，使各工位的烟尘捕捉率达到标准，确保车间内烟尘浓度符合职业健康要求。

　　The installation and initial debugging of filter media are key to ensuring dust removal efficiency. The filter material should be selected according to the type of welding fumes. The fumes generated by welding stainless steel contain corrosive components, and acid and alkali resistant filter materials should be selected; The temperature of the smoke generated by welding carbon steel is relatively high, and high-temperature resistant filter media should be selected. When installing the filter material, it is necessary to ensure that it fits tightly with the frame of the filter cartridge (or filter bag), without wrinkles or damage, and that the sealing gaskets at both ends of the filter cartridge are intact to prevent unfiltered dusty airflow from being directly discharged from the gaps. After the installation of the equipment is completed, a no-load test run is required to check whether the fan direction is correct, whether each component runs smoothly, and whether there is any abnormal noise. Subsequently, load testing is conducted to measure the wind speed and smoke concentration at each suction port during welding operations. The fan frequency or valve opening is adjusted to ensure that the smoke capture rate at each workstation meets the standard, ensuring that the smoke concentration in the workshop meets occupational health requirements.

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