自动喷砂房操作规范与安全要点指南
自动喷砂房作为工业生产中常用的表面处理设备，其操作的规范性直接影响处理效果和生产安全。无论是手动自动喷砂房还是自动自动喷砂房，操作人员都必须严格遵循操作流程，并重视每一项安全要点，以避免设备故障和人身伤害事故的发生。
As a commonly used surface treatment equipment in industrial production, the standardization of operation of automatic sandblasting rooms directly affects the treatment effect and production safety. Whether it is a manual or automatic sandblasting room, operators must strictly follow the operating procedures and pay attention to every safety point to avoid equipment failure and personal injury accidents.
操作前的准备工作
Preparation work before operation
操作自动喷砂房前的准备工作是保证后续作业顺利进行的基础，需从设备检查、环境整理和个人防护三个方面着手。
The preparation work before operating the automatic sandblasting room is the foundation for ensuring the smooth progress of subsequent operations, which needs to be carried out from three aspects: equipment inspection, environmental organization, and personal protection.
在设备检查环节，首先要检查压缩空气系统。确认空压机的压力是否稳定在设备规定的范围内，一般来说，不同类型的自动喷砂房对气压要求不同，干式自动喷砂房的气压通常在 0.4-0.6MPa 之间，湿式自动喷砂房可能稍低。同时，要检查压缩空气管路是否有泄漏，可通过涂抹肥皂水的方式检测，若出现气泡则说明存在泄漏，需及时修复。
In the equipment inspection process, the first step is to check the compressed air system. Confirm whether the pressure of the air compressor is stable within the range specified by the equipment. Generally speaking, different types of automatic sandblasting rooms have different requirements for air pressure. The air pressure in dry automatic sandblasting rooms is usually between 0.4-0.6MPa, while that in wet automatic sandblasting rooms may be slightly lower. At the same time, it is necessary to check whether there is a leak in the compressed air pipeline, which can be detected by applying soapy water. If bubbles appear, it indicates a leak and needs to be repaired in a timely manner.
磨料供给系统的检查也不容忽视。对于干式自动喷砂房，要查看磨料仓内的磨料是否充足，且磨料的型号、粒度是否符合本次作业的要求。例如，清理金属表面的厚锈迹可能需要选用粒度较大的金刚砂，而表面抛光则适合用玻璃珠。还要检查磨料输送管路是否通畅，有无堵塞现象，可通过手动疏通或压缩空气吹扫的方式排除堵塞。对于湿式自动喷砂房，需确认砂浆的配比是否合适，水泵或压缩空气驱动系统是否能正常工作，确保砂浆能顺利输送至喷枪。
The inspection of the abrasive supply system cannot be ignored. For dry automatic sandblasting rooms, it is necessary to check whether the abrasive in the abrasive chamber is sufficient, and whether the type and particle size of the abrasive meet the requirements of this operation. For example, cleaning thick rust on metal surfaces may require the use of larger grained diamond sand, while surface polishing is suitable for using glass beads. It is also necessary to check whether the abrasive conveying pipeline is unobstructed and whether there is any blockage. The blockage can be eliminated by manual dredging or compressed air blowing. For wet automatic sandblasting rooms, it is necessary to confirm whether the mortar ratio is appropriate, whether the water pump or compressed air drive system can work properly, and ensure that the mortar can be smoothly transported to the spray gun.
喷枪作为直接作用于工件的部件，其性能状态至关重要。检查喷枪的喷嘴是否磨损，若喷嘴出现较大磨损会导致喷砂效果下降，需及时更换。同时，要测试喷枪的开关是否灵敏，确保在操作过程中能灵活控制喷砂的启停。
As a component that directly acts on the workpiece, the performance status of the spray gun is crucial. Check if the nozzle of the spray gun is worn. If there is significant wear on the nozzle, it will cause a decrease in sandblasting effect and needs to be replaced in a timely manner. At the same time, it is necessary to test whether the switch of the spray gun is sensitive to ensure that it can flexibly control the start and stop of sandblasting during operation.
环境整理方面，要保证作业区域整洁有序，无关物品需清理干净，避免影响操作或造成安全隐患。作业区域的通风条件必须良好，尤其是干式自动喷砂房作业时，需开启除尘设备并检查其运行状态，确保能有效降低空气中的粉尘浓度。对于产生噪音较大的自动喷砂房，若作业区域靠近其他工作岗位，需采取适当的隔音措施，减少噪音污染。
In terms of environmental organization, it is necessary to ensure that the work area is clean and orderly, and unrelated items need to be cleaned up to avoid affecting operations or causing safety hazards. The ventilation conditions in the work area must be good, especially when working in a dry automatic sandblasting room. It is necessary to turn on the dust removal equipment and check its operating status to ensure that the dust concentration in the air can be effectively reduced. For automatic sandblasting rooms that generate significant noise, if the work area is close to other workstations, appropriate sound insulation measures should be taken to reduce noise pollution.
个人防护是保障操作人员安全的关键。操作人员必须穿戴好全套防护用品，包括防尘口罩或防毒面具（根据磨料类型选择），防止吸入粉尘；防护眼镜或面罩，避免磨料飞溅伤及眼睛和面部；耐磨手套，保护手部免受磨料和压缩空气的伤害；长袖防护服，减少身体皮肤与磨料的直接接触。此外，若作业环境噪音超过 85 分贝，还需佩戴耳塞或耳罩。
Personal protection is the key to ensuring the safety of operators. Operators must wear a full set of protective equipment, including dust masks or gas masks (depending on the type of abrasive), to prevent inhalation of dust; Protective goggles or face shields to prevent abrasive splashes from injuring the eyes and face; Wear resistant gloves to protect hands from abrasive and compressed air damage; Long sleeved protective clothing reduces direct contact between the body's skin and abrasives. In addition, if the noise level in the work environment exceeds 85 decibels, earplugs or earmuffs should be worn.
操作过程中的规范流程
Standardized process during operation
自动喷砂房的操作过程需严格按照既定流程进行，以保证处理质量和操作安全，具体可分为试喷、正式作业和参数调整三个阶段。
The operation process of the automatic sandblasting room must strictly follow the established procedures to ensure processing quality and operational safety. It can be divided into three stages: trial spraying, formal operation, and parameter adjustment.
试喷是正式作业前的重要步骤，目的是检查设备运行状态和参数设置是否合适。将一块与待处理工件材质相同的废料作为试喷件，放置在作业区域内。启动自动喷砂房，按照预定的参数进行短时间喷砂，观察试喷件的表面处理效果。若表面处理不彻底，可能是气压过低或磨料粒度不合适，可适当提高气压或更换更粗的磨料；若表面出现过度损伤，如金属表面出现明显的凹坑，则可能是气压过高或喷距过近，需降低气压或增大喷距。试喷过程中，要注意观察设备各部分的运行情况，倾听有无异常噪音，若发现问题需立即停机检查。
Trial spraying is an important step before formal operation, aimed at checking the equipment's operating status and whether the parameter settings are appropriate. Place a piece of waste material with the same material as the workpiece to be processed as a test spray piece in the work area. Start the automatic sandblasting room, perform short-term sandblasting according to the predetermined parameters, and observe the surface treatment effect of the test spray piece. If the surface treatment is not thorough, it may be due to low air pressure or inappropriate abrasive particle size. The air pressure can be increased appropriately or a coarser abrasive can be replaced; If there is excessive damage on the surface, such as obvious pits on the metal surface, it may be due to high air pressure or too close spraying distance, and the air pressure needs to be reduced or the spraying distance needs to be increased. During the trial spraying process, it is important to observe the operation of each part of the equipment and listen for any abnormal noise. If any problems are found, the machine should be stopped immediately for inspection.
正式作业时，操作人员需根据工件的形状和大小，选择合适的夹持方式或放置位置，确保工件在喷砂过程中稳定，不会发生位移。对于手动自动喷砂房，操作人员应保持适当的喷距和喷射角度，喷距一般控制在 10-30cm 之间，喷射角度以 45°-90° 为宜，具体可根据处理需求调整。在喷砂过程中，应均匀移动喷枪，避免在同一位置长时间喷射，防止工件表面出现局部过度处理的情况。
During formal operations, operators need to choose the appropriate clamping method or placement position based on the shape and size of the workpiece to ensure stability and prevent displacement during sandblasting. For manual and automatic sandblasting rooms, operators should maintain appropriate spraying distance and angle, with spraying distance generally controlled between 10-30cm and spraying angle between 45 ° -90 °, which can be adjusted according to processing requirements. During the sandblasting process, the spray gun should be moved evenly to avoid spraying for a long time at the same position and prevent local over treatment of the workpiece surface.
自动自动喷砂房的操作则需在启动前设置好相关参数，如输送速度、喷砂时间、喷枪角度等。启动设备后，要密切关注工件的输送情况和喷砂效果，通过观察窗或监控系统实时监控，若发现异常需及时按下急停按钮，待设备停止后进行调整。
The operation of the automatic sandblasting room requires setting relevant parameters such as conveying speed, sandblasting time, spray gun angle, etc. before starting. After starting the equipment, it is necessary to closely monitor the conveying situation of the workpiece and the sandblasting effect. Real time monitoring should be carried out through observation windows or monitoring systems. If any abnormalities are found, the emergency stop button should be pressed in a timely manner, and adjustments should be made after the equipment stops.
参数调整应根据工件的处理效果逐步进行。在处理过程中，若发现表面清理不彻底，可适当提高气压或增加喷砂时间，但需注意不能超过设备的额定参数，以免影响设备寿命。若工件表面出现粗糙度不符合要求的情况，可通过更换磨料粒度来调整，例如需要更高的粗糙度可选用更粗的磨料，反之则选用更细的磨料。调整参数时，必须先停机，待设备完全停止运行后再进行，严禁在设备运行过程中进行参数调整或维修操作。
Parameter adjustment should be gradually carried out according to the processing effect of the workpiece. During the processing, if it is found that the surface cleaning is not thorough, the air pressure can be appropriately increased or the sandblasting time can be increased, but it should be noted that it cannot exceed the rated parameters of the equipment to avoid affecting its service life. If the surface roughness of the workpiece does not meet the requirements, it can be adjusted by changing the abrasive particle size. For example, if higher roughness is needed, coarser abrasives can be used, otherwise finer abrasives can be used. When adjusting parameters, it is necessary to stop the machine first and wait for the equipment to completely stop running before proceeding. Parameter adjustment or maintenance operations are strictly prohibited during equipment operation.
操作后的收尾工作
Closing work after operation
作业完成后的收尾工作同样重要，不仅能保证设备的使用寿命，还能维持作业环境的整洁。
The finishing work after completing the homework is equally important, as it can not only ensure the service life of the equipment, but also maintain the cleanliness of the work environment.
首先要关闭设备电源和压缩空气源，确保设备处于完全停止状态。对于干式自动喷砂房，需清理作业区域内的残留磨料和粉尘，可使用吸尘器或扫帚进行清理，收集的废磨料需按照环保要求进行处理，可回收利用的磨料要进行筛选后放入磨料仓。对于湿式自动喷砂房，要清理砂浆箱内的残留物，清洗输送管路，防止砂浆在管路内凝固堵塞。
Firstly, turn off the power and compressed air source of the equipment to ensure that it is completely stopped. For dry automatic sandblasting rooms, residual abrasives and dust in the work area need to be cleaned using a vacuum cleaner or broom. The collected waste abrasives need to be processed according to environmental requirements, and recyclable abrasives need to be screened and placed in the abrasive bin. For wet automatic sandblasting rooms, it is necessary to clean the residue inside the mortar box, clean the conveying pipeline, and prevent the mortar from solidifying and blocking in the pipeline.
设备的清洁保养是必不可少的环节。擦拭喷枪表面的灰尘和磨料残留，检查喷嘴的磨损情况并做好记录，若磨损严重需及时更换。清理压缩空气过滤器，去除其中的水分和杂质，保证压缩空气的洁净。对于自动自动喷砂房的输送系统，要检查链条或传送带的松紧度，添加润滑油进行润滑。
Cleaning and maintenance of equipment is an essential step. Wipe off dust and abrasive residue on the surface of the spray gun, check the wear of the nozzle and make records. If the wear is severe, replace it in a timely manner. Clean the compressed air filter to remove moisture and impurities, ensuring the cleanliness of the compressed air. For the conveyor system of the automatic sandblasting room, it is necessary to check the tightness of the chain or conveyor belt and add lubricating oil for lubrication.
最后，整理作业区域，将工具和防护用品归位存放，关闭除尘设备和通风系统，填写设备运行记录，记录本次作业的时间、处理工件数量、设备运行状态及出现的问题等信息，为后续的设备维护和作业安排提供参考。
Finally, organize the work area, store tools and protective equipment in their designated locations, turn off dust removal equipment and ventilation systems, fill out equipment operation records, record the time, number of processed workpieces, equipment operation status, and any problems encountered during this operation, providing reference for subsequent equipment maintenance and work arrangements.
安全要点与应急处理
Safety points and emergency response
自动喷砂房操作过程中存在多种安全风险，操作人员必须牢记安全要点，并掌握基本的应急处理方法。
There are various safety risks during the operation of the automatic sandblasting room, and operators must remember the safety points and master the basic emergency response methods.
严禁在无防护措施的情况下进行喷砂作业，这是保障人身安全的底线。作业过程中，操作人员不得擅自离开岗位，若需暂时离开，必须停机并关闭电源和压缩空气源。非操作人员严禁进入作业区域，尤其是自动自动喷砂房的运行区域，需设置明显的警示标识。
It is strictly prohibited to carry out sandblasting operations without protective measures, as this is the bottom line to ensure personal safety. During the homework process, operators are not allowed to leave their posts without authorization. If they need to temporarily leave, they must shut down the machine and turn off the power and compressed air source. Non operators are strictly prohibited from entering the work area, especially the operating area of the automatic sandblasting room, and clear warning signs must be set up.
设备运行过程中若出现异常情况，如异响、剧烈震动、火花等，操作人员应立即停机，切断电源和压缩空气源，检查原因并排除故障后才能重新启动设备，严禁带病运行。
If any abnormal situations occur during the operation of the equipment, such as abnormal noise, severe vibration, sparks, etc., the operator should immediately stop the machine, cut off the power and compressed air source, check the cause and eliminate the fault before restarting the equipment. It is strictly prohibited to operate with a fault.
粉尘爆炸是干式自动喷砂房作业中可能存在的严重安全隐患，因此作业区域内严禁明火，不得存放易燃易爆物品，同时要定期清理除尘设备内的粉尘，防止粉尘积聚。湿式自动喷砂房作业时，要防止水分进入压缩空气系统，以免造成设备损坏或影响喷砂效果。
Dust explosion is a serious safety hazard that may exist in the operation of dry automatic sandblasting rooms. Therefore, open flames are strictly prohibited in the work area, and flammable and explosive materials are not allowed to be stored. At the same time, dust in the dust removal equipment should be regularly cleaned to prevent dust accumulation. When operating in a wet automatic sandblasting room, it is necessary to prevent moisture from entering the compressed air system to avoid equipment damage or affecting the sandblasting effect.
若发生磨料飞溅伤及人员的情况，应立即停止作业，对受伤人员进行紧急处理，轻微划伤可涂抹碘伏消毒，若伤口较深或伤及眼睛等重要部位，需立即送往医院救治。若出现粉尘吸入导致呼吸困难等症状，应将患者转移至通风良好的地方休息，情况严重者及时就医。
If abrasive splashes injure personnel, the operation should be stopped immediately and the injured should be treated urgently. Minor scratches can be disinfected with iodine. If the wound is deep or affects important parts such as the eyes, it should be sent to the hospital for treatment immediately. If symptoms such as difficulty breathing due to dust inhalation occur, the patient should be transferred to a well ventilated place to rest, and those with severe conditions should seek medical attention in a timely manner.
设备发生火灾时，操作人员要保持冷静，立即切断电源，使用合适的灭火器材进行灭火，如干粉灭火器，严禁用水扑灭电气火灾。同时，及时拨打火警电话寻求帮助。
When a fire occurs in the equipment, the operator should remain calm, immediately cut off the power, and use appropriate fire extinguishing equipment, such as dry powder fire extinguishers, to extinguish the fire. It is strictly prohibited to use water to extinguish electrical fires. At the same time, promptly call the fire department for assistance.
总之，自动喷砂房的操作规范和安全要点是保障生产顺利进行和人员安全的重要基础，操作人员必须严格遵守，定期接受安全培训，不断提高安全意识和操作技能，确保设备安全稳定运行。
In short, the operating standards and safety points of the automatic sandblasting room are important foundations for ensuring smooth production and personnel safety. Operators must strictly abide by them, receive regular safety training, continuously improve safety awareness and operating skills, and ensure the safe and stable operation of equipment.
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