在金属加工领域，焊接作业产生的烟尘不仅影响车间环境，还会对操作人员的健康造成潜在威胁。多工位焊烟除尘设备作为应对这类问题的关键设备，能同时处理多个焊接点位的烟尘污染，成为现代化工厂不可或缺的环保装备。深入了解其工作原理、组件构成及应用要点，对提升除尘效率、保障生产安全具有重要意义。

　　In the field of metal processing, the smoke and dust generated by welding operations not only affect the workshop environment, but also pose a potential threat to the health of operators. Multi station welding smoke and dust removal equipment, as a key device to address such issues, can simultaneously handle smoke and dust pollution from multiple welding points, becoming an indispensable environmental protection equipment in modern factories. A deep understanding of its working principle, component composition, and application points is of great significance for improving dust removal efficiency and ensuring production safety.

　　设备工作原理与核心逻辑

　　Equipment working principle and core logic

　　多工位焊烟除尘设备的运行基于负压吸附与过滤分离的协同作用。设备启动后，主风机产生的负压通过分布在各焊接工位的吸气臂或集气罩形成气流，将焊接过程中产生的烟尘、金属颗粒等污染物吸入管道系统。这些含尘气流首先进入预处理装置，通过重力沉降或惯性分离去除大颗粒杂质，避免后续过滤组件被过快堵塞。

　　The operation of multi station welding smoke dust removal equipment is based on the synergistic effect of negative pressure adsorption and filtration separation. After the equipment is started, the negative pressure generated by the main fan forms an airflow through the suction arms or gas collection hoods distributed at each welding station, which sucks pollutants such as smoke and metal particles generated during the welding process into the pipeline system. These dusty airflows first enter the pretreatment device, where large particle impurities are removed through gravity settling or inertial separation to avoid rapid clogging of subsequent filtration components.

　　经过预处理的气流随后进入核心过滤单元，这里通常采用高效滤材制成的滤筒或滤袋。在过滤作用下，烟尘中的细微颗粒被截留附着在滤材表面，净化后的洁净空气则通过风机排出，部分设备还可将达标空气回送至车间，实现能源循环利用。为保证过滤效率的稳定性，设备一般配备自动清灰系统，通过脉冲喷吹、机械振动等方式定期清除滤材表面的积尘，确保气流阻力维持在合理范围。

　　The preprocessed airflow then enters the core filtration unit, which typically uses filter cartridges or bags made of high-efficiency filter materials. Under the filtering effect, fine particles in the smoke and dust are trapped and attached to the surface of the filter material. The purified clean air is discharged through a fan, and some equipment can also send the standard air back to the workshop to achieve energy recycling. To ensure the stability of filtration efficiency, the equipment is generally equipped with an automatic dust cleaning system, which regularly removes the accumulated dust on the surface of the filter material through pulse blowing, mechanical vibration, and other methods to ensure that the airflow resistance is maintained within a reasonable range.

　　主要组件及功能特点

　　Main components and functional characteristics

　　吸气装置是设备与工位连接的关键部分，常见形式包括可伸缩吸气臂、固定式集气罩和柔性吸气软管。可伸缩吸气臂采用万向关节设计，能灵活调整吸气口位置，贴近焊接点上方 15-30 厘米处，实现精准捕集，特别适用于焊接位置不固定的工况；固定式集气罩则适合流水线作业中的固定工位，通过合理设计罩口形状与尺寸，可覆盖较大范围的烟尘扩散区域。

　　The suction device is a key part connecting the equipment and the workstation, and common forms include retractable suction arms, fixed gas collection hoods, and flexible suction hoses. The retractable suction arm adopts a universal joint design, which can flexibly adjust the position of the suction port, close to 15-30 centimeters above the welding point, to achieve precise capture, especially suitable for working conditions where the welding position is not fixed; Fixed gas collection hood is suitable for fixed workstations in assembly line operations. By designing the hood mouth shape and size reasonably, it can cover a large range of smoke and dust diffusion areas.

　　管道系统承担着气流输送的功能，其布局设计直接影响除尘效果。管道直径需根据各工位的风量需求计算确定，过大易导致流速不足、烟尘沉积，过小则会增加系统阻力。管道转弯处通常采用大弧度弯头，减少气流扰动和压力损失，同时需在适当位置设置检修口，便于后期清理维护。

　　The pipeline system undertakes the function of airflow transportation, and its layout design directly affects the dust removal effect. The diameter of the pipeline needs to be calculated and determined based on the air flow requirements of each workstation. If it is too large, it can easily lead to insufficient flow velocity and smoke deposition, while if it is too small, it will increase system resistance. Large curvature elbows are usually used at pipeline bends to reduce airflow disturbance and pressure loss. At the same time, maintenance ports should be set up at appropriate locations for easy cleaning and maintenance in the later stage.

　　过滤单元的性能决定了最终的净化效果，滤材选择需结合焊接材料特性。针对碳钢焊接产生的黑色烟尘，可选用聚酯纤维滤材；处理不锈钢焊接时的金属氧化物烟尘，建议采用抗静电滤材，避免粉尘堆积引发安全隐患。滤筒或滤袋的使用寿命一般为 3000-5000 小时，具体需根据烟尘浓度和性质定期更换。

　　The performance of the filtering unit determines the final purification effect, and the selection of filter materials should be combined with the characteristics of welding materials. Polyester fiber filter material can be selected for the black smoke generated during carbon steel welding; It is recommended to use anti-static filter materials to deal with metal oxide smoke and dust during stainless steel welding, in order to avoid safety hazards caused by dust accumulation. The service life of filter cartridges or filter bags is generally 3000-5000 hours, and they need to be replaced regularly according to the concentration and properties of smoke and dust.

　　风机作为动力源，其选型需匹配系统总阻力与所需风量。多工位设备常采用离心式风机，具有风压稳定、适应范围广的特点，安装位置可分为内置式和外置式，外置式风机能减少设备内部的粉尘污染，延长使用寿命。

　　As a power source, the selection of a fan should match the total system resistance and the required air volume. Multi station equipment often uses centrifugal fans, which have the characteristics of stable air pressure and wide adaptability. The installation position can be divided into internal and external types. External fans can reduce dust pollution inside the equipment and extend its service life.

　　选型与安装的关键要点

　　Key points of selection and installation

　　选型时需首先核算总风量需求，单个焊接工位的风量通常根据焊接电流确定：100-300A 的手工电弧焊需 800-1200m/h，300A 以上的埋弧焊则需 1500-2000m/h，总风量为各工位风量之和再附加 10%-15% 的余量。同时需考虑车间空间布局，若工位分散且距离较远，可采用分区式除尘系统，减少管道长度和压力损失。

　　When selecting, the total air volume requirement needs to be calculated first. The air volume of a single welding station is usually determined based on the welding current: manual arc welding with a current of 100-300A requires 800-1200m/h, while submerged arc welding with a current of over 300A requires 1500-2000m/h. The total air volume is the sum of the air volumes of each station, with an additional margin of 10% -15%. At the same time, the layout of the workshop space needs to be considered. If the workstations are scattered and far apart, a partitioned dust removal system can be used to reduce pipeline length and pressure loss.

　　安装位置的选择应遵循 “就近处理、缩短管道” 的原则，主设备宜放置在车间外围或专用机房，避免占用生产空间。管道敷设需保持一定坡度，一般不小于 3°，防止粉尘在水平管道内沉积；吸气臂与地面的夹角建议在 45°-60° 之间，既便于操作又能保证捕集效率。

　　The selection of installation location should follow the principle of "processing nearby and shortening pipelines". The main equipment should be placed on the periphery of the workshop or in a dedicated computer room to avoid occupying production space. The pipeline laying should maintain a certain slope, generally not less than 3 °, to prevent dust from depositing in the horizontal pipeline; The recommended angle between the suction arm and the ground is between 45 ° -60 °, which is convenient for operation and ensures capture efficiency.

　　对于多工种混合作业的车间，需注意设备的兼容性。若同时存在焊接、打磨等工序，应选用能处理多种粉尘的复合型过滤系统，并在管道入口处增设火花捕捉器，防止打磨产生的火星进入滤材引发火灾。

　　For workshops with mixed operations of multiple trades, attention should be paid to equipment compatibility. If there are welding, grinding and other processes at the same time, a composite filtration system that can handle multiple types of dust should be selected, and a spark arrester should be added at the inlet of the pipeline to prevent sparks generated by grinding from entering the filter material and causing fires.

　　日常维护与效能提升

　　Daily maintenance and efficiency improvement

　　定期检查是保证设备稳定运行的基础，每日需观察压力表数值，若过滤前后的压差超过设定值（通常为 1500Pa），应启动清灰程序或手动清理滤材；每周检查吸气臂的灵活性，对关节处加注润滑脂，确保定位准确；每月清洗或更换预处理装置中的挡尘板，防止杂质堵塞管道。

　　Regular inspection is the foundation for ensuring stable operation of equipment. The pressure gauge value should be observed daily. If the pressure difference before and after filtration exceeds the set value (usually 1500Pa), the dust cleaning program should be initiated or the filter material should be manually cleaned; Check the flexibility of the suction arm weekly, add lubricating grease to the joints to ensure accurate positioning; Clean or replace the dust baffle in the pre-treatment device every month to prevent impurities from blocking the pipeline.

　　滤材维护需严格按照操作规程进行，脉冲清灰的压缩空气压力应控制在 0.5-0.7MPa，每次喷吹时间 0.1-0.2 秒，间隔 30-60 秒，避免压力过大损伤滤材。更换滤筒时需注意佩戴防护装备，防止残留粉尘吸入，同时检查滤筒密封圈是否完好，确保安装后无漏气现象。

　　The maintenance of filter materials should be strictly carried out in accordance with the operating procedures. The compressed air pressure for pulse cleaning should be controlled at 0.5-0.7 MPa, with a spraying time of 0.1-0.2 seconds and an interval of 30-60 seconds to avoid damage to the filter materials caused by excessive pressure. When replacing the filter cartridge, it is necessary to wear protective equipment to prevent residual dust from being inhaled. At the same time, check whether the sealing ring of the filter cartridge is intact to ensure that there is no air leakage after installation.

　　为提升长期使用效果，可结合车间生产计划制定维护周期。在连续生产的情况下，建议每季度进行一次全面检修，包括风机轴承润滑、电机绝缘检测、管道密封性检查等；每年对过滤效率进行一次检测，通过采样分析确保排放浓度符合相关标准要求。

　　To improve long-term effectiveness, maintenance cycles can be developed in conjunction with workshop production plans. In the case of continuous production, it is recommended to conduct a comprehensive maintenance every quarter, including lubrication of fan bearings, insulation testing of motors, and inspection of pipeline sealing; The filtration efficiency is tested once a year to ensure that the emission concentration meets the relevant standard requirements through sampling analysis.

　　本文由多工位焊烟除尘设备友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击:http://www.sdcjtz.com我们将会对您提出的疑问进行详细的解答，欢迎您登录网站留言.

　　This article is dedicated to the automatic shot blasting machine and friendship For more information, please click: http://www.sdcjtz.com We will provide detailed answers to your questions. You are welcome to log in to our website and leave a message

上一篇：工业涂装流水线：高效与优质的涂装解决方案
下一篇：喷粉线安装定制的相关解析